Thirteen constellations on the Sun's path
Over a year the Sun traces a circle through the sky called the ecliptic, and the stars behind it belong to thirteen constellations. Twelve gave their names to the zodiac signs; the thirteenth is Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer, whose feet reach down to the ecliptic between Scorpius and Sagittarius. The International Astronomical Union fixed the borders of all 88 constellations in 1930, and on the ecliptic they are very uneven: the Sun crosses Scorpius in under a week but takes about 45 days over Virgo. The table below gives this year's dates for all thirteen.
Ophiuchus, the Serpent Bearer
Ophiuchus is an old constellation: Ptolemy listed it among his 48 in the 2nd century. It shows a man holding a great serpent, the constellation Serpens, and Greek myth identified him with Asclepius, the healer. The Sun passes through its southern part, the legs, from about November 29 to December 17 or 18. Western and Vedic astrology give it no sign or meaning of their own; 13-sign astrology, which follows the constellations, associates it with healing, knowledge and a search for truth.
Three zodiacs, three answers
- Western (tropical) astrology measures twelve equal signs of 30° from the March equinox, so the signs stay in step with the seasons. This is your usual sign, the one in horoscopes.
- Vedic (sidereal) astrology uses twelve equal signs too, but fixes them to the stars. Its signs now sit about 24° back from the tropical ones, so most people's Vedic Sun sign is the one before their Western sign.
- The constellations are what the Sun actually stands in front of: thirteen of them, of unequal size. This is the answer the calculator gives first.
The calculator shows all three for your birthday, and with a birth time the constellation of the Moon and every planet as well.
Why the dates keep shifting
The Earth's axis wobbles slowly, like a spinning top, and takes about 26,000 years to go round once. As it does, the equinoxes slide backward along the ecliptic by about 1° every 72 years (the precession of the equinoxes). The tropical signs move with the equinox; the constellations don't. That is why the March equinox, which gave Aries its place at the start of the zodiac, now falls in the constellation Pisces, and why each constellation's dates on the calendar move about a day later every 72 years.